Identidades Locais and Paisagem - Livro

Local Identities

 Landscape & Community

Gerritsen, F. (2003): Local Identities. Landscape and Community in the Late Prehistoric Meuse-Demer-Scheldt region. Amsterdam Archaeological Studies. Amsterdam University Press. Amsterdam.  ISBN: 9053565884

Sinopse  

Este livro é uma versão revisada de uma dissertação de doutorado concluida em junho de 2001 na Faculdade de Letras da Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam em outubro de 2001. Desde então, escavações de salvamento continuaram inabaláveis ​​e já acrescentaram novos detalhes ao nosso conhecimento do Bronze Final Comunidades da Idade e da Idade do Ferro que estão no centro deste estudo.

Este estudo recorrerei a uma série de materiais arqueológicos para apresentar a história das comunidades habitando a região Meuse-Demer-Scheldt (MDS) entre o início da Idade do Bronze Final e início do período romano. O objetivo é elucidar algumas das principais transformações sociais e culturais que ocorreu durante esse período, cobrindo aproximadamente o primeiro Milênio A.C.

Das diferentes histórias que poderiam ser escritas sobre a região e o período estudado, esta assume a abordagem do tema que esta explicitado no seu subtitulo: as relações recíprocas e dinâmicas dos grupos humanos e a paisagem.

INDEX

Introduction  p.1

1.1 General theme and aims of research p. 1

1.2 Continuity and change in the archaeology of first millennium BC temperate Europe p. 2

1.3 Recent trends in landscape and settlement archaeology p. 5

1.4 A long-term perspective and its implications p. 11

1.5 Geographical and chronological framework p. 15

2. Archaeology in a Sandy "Essen" Landscape p. 17

2.1 Aspects of geology and geomorphology  p.17

2.2 The premodern landscape and its implications ç

for archaeological research  p. 19

2.3 A brief overview of investigations into the late 

prehistoric Meuse-Demer-Scheldt region  p. 22

2.3.1 The period of heathland archaeology p. 23

2.3.2 The period of ‘essen’ archaeology p.26

2.4 The Meuse-Demer-Scheldt region as a research area 

p. 29

3. The House and its Inabitants p. 31

3.1 An anthropological perspective on houses and

 households p. 31

3.1.1 Introduction  p. 31

3.1.2 Houses and the socio-cosmological order p. 33

3.1.3 The house as a social category p. 34

3.1.4 The temporality of domestic architecture p. 35

3.1.5 The cultural biography of houses p. 37

3.1.6 House, farmyard, farmstead  p 38

3.2 Constructing house and household p. 39

3.2.1 Introduction  p.39

3.2.2 Building the house: an overview of house 

construction types p 39

3.2.3 Social considerations in the choice of farmstead 

location p. 56

3.2.4 Ritualised aspects of house construction  p. 63

3.3 Inhabiting the house p. 66

3.3.1 The use and ordering of space inside houses p.66

3.3.2 The farmyard p.70

3.3.3 Farmstead and household dynamics p. 75

3.3.4 Depositional practices associated with the 

phase of habitation p. 79

3.4 Abandoning the house p. 95

3.4.1 Introduction  p. 95

3.4.2 Abandonment practices  p.96

3.4.3 Farmstead abandonment and farmstead continuity 

in a diachronic perspective  p. 102

3.5 Houses and households: concluding remarks 

p. 105

4. Local Communities and the organization of the Landscape  

p.109

4.1 Settlement territories and local communities p.  109

4.1.1 Introduction p.109

4.1.2 The symbolic construction of communities p. 111

4.1.3 Community and landscape  p.113

4.1.4 Approaches to territoriality and land tenure 

in archaeology  p.115

4.2 Cemeteries and burial practices p. 118

4.2.1 Introduction  p. 118

4.2.2 Burial practices from the Middle Bronze Age 

to the Early Roman period p. 121

4.2.3 Burial in cemeteries and alternative ways of 

treating the dead p. 138

4.2.4 Urnfield cemeteries and older burial monuments p. 140

4.2.5 Changing relationships between local communities 

and ancestors  

p.145

4.3 Enclosed and open cult places and other enclosures p. 150

4.3.1 Rectangular enclosures with funerary connotations  p. 150

4.3.2 Enclosures without apparent funerary connotations p. 156

4.3.3 Other types of cult places p.161

4.3.4 Cult places and cult communities p. 163

4.4 Arable lands, celtic fields and agricultural systems  p. 167

4.4.1 Celtic fields in the Meuse-Demer-Scheldt region and 

the Northwest European Plain  p. 167

4.4.2 Arable lands, farmsteads and barrows p. 170

4.4.3 Celtic field agricultural systems and the dynamic 

use of arable lands p. 172

4.4.4 The development of a new agricultural regime in the 

later part of the Iron Age and the Roman period  p.178

4.4.5 Local communities and arable lands p.179

4.5 Settlement nucleation  p.181

4.5.1 Introduction p.181

4.5.2 Early examples of settlement nucleation p. 182

4.5.3 Settlement enclosures p. 186

4.5.4 The local community and its settlement in the Late 

Iron Age and the Early Roman period p. 186

4.6 Local communities and settlement territories in time: 

discussion and synthesis p. 189

4.6.1 The Middle Bronze Age  p.189

4.6.2 The Urnfield period p. 190

4.6.3 The Middle and early Late Iron Age p. 192

4.6.4 The Late Iron Age and the beginning of the Roman period 

p. 194

4.6.5 Conclusion p. 197

5. Micro-Regional and Regional Patterns of Inhabitation, 

Demography and Land use p. 199

5.1 Introduction p.199

5.1.1 Research questions p.199

5.1.2 Methodological issues p. 200

5.2 The habitation histories of four micro-regions  p.204

5.2.1 The Bladel-Hoogeloon region  p. 206

5.2.2 The Weert-Nederweert region p. 210

5.2.3 The Someren region p. 213

5.2.4 The Oss region p. 216

5.2.5 The four micro-regions compared p. 218

5.3 Regional settlement patterns and demographic trends  p. 219

5.3.1 The Middle Bronze Age  p. 219

5.3.2 The Urnfield period  p. 220

5.3.3 The Middle Iron Age and early Late Iron Age p. 223

5.3.4 The Late Iron Age and the beginning of the Roman period  

p. 224

5.3.5 Summary  p. 225

5.4 Changing settlement patterns and environmental degradation 

p. 226

5.4.1 Population densities and soil degradation, an 

environmental model  p. 226

5.4.2 Changing agricultural regimes in the later part of 

the Iron Age p. 231

5.5 Conclusions. p. 232

6. Landscape, Identity and Community in the First Millenium p. 235

6.1 Flexible patterns of social identity and land tenure 

in a Middle Bronze Age barrow landscape p. 235

6.2 The Middle Bronze Age to Late Bronze Age transition 

and the genesis of urnfields p. 237

6.2.1 Agricultural production, elite competition and demography 

in macro-regional and regional interpretations p. 237

6.2.2 The mythical dimensions of the landscape and the 

formation of stable local communities  p. 239

6.3 Local communities, land and collective 

identity in the Urnfield period  p. 242

6.4 Changing habitation patterns and social fragmentation 

at the end of the Urnfield period p. 244

6.5 New forms of social identity and land tenure 

in the Middle and early Late Iron Age p. 247

6.6 Diversified social foundations in the Late Iron Age 

and the beginning of the Roman era  p. 248

6.6.1 The ‘longue durée’ and conjectural history p. 248

6.6.2 Social relationships and land tenure in a changing world 

p. 250

6.7 Concluding remarks p. 254

Abreviations  p. 255

References p. 255

Appendix 1 Meuse-Demer-Scheldt region, distribution of Urnfields 

p. 287

Appendix 2 Catalogue of Urnfields p. 291

Index of Geographical Names  p. 299

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